Geocoding is the use of technology and reference data to return a geographic coordinate when a street address is entered. Geocoding is used when lists of addresses need to be placed on a map, when an address is entered in an application to center a map or return information for that location, or any other time you have an address and a geographic coordinate is needed. An address is entered either manually or by bulk input from a database or other source. The geocoder then compares the entered address to a set of reference data. The geocoder returns a coordinate pair and standardized address for each input address it is able to match. The GIS Program Office geocoder uses a series of combinations of reference data and configuration parameters to optimize both the likelihood of a match and the quality of the results. The reference data supporting the geocoder is stored in Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) standard.
New York Street Addresses And Zip Codes
While there is only one way of storing an authoritative address using the FGDC Address Standard ( -data), addresses entered by users can vary widely. The NYS GIS Program Office has tried to allow for as much flexibility as possible in user input addresses which can result in a successful geocode. We do this by incorporating multiple versions of address reference data. Each combination of reference data and configuration parameters are referred to as a locator. Groups of locaters are combined into composites. By geocoding against the separate composite locators in a specific sequence the best result is achieved. In order of preference the reference data includes Street Address Mapping (SAM) - address points, street segments, municipalities, and zip codes.
Partial matches most often occur for street addresses that do not existwithin the locality you pass in the request. Partial matches may also bereturned when a request matches two or more locations in the same locality.For example, "Hillpar St, Bristol, UK" will return a partial match for bothHenry Street and Henrietta Street. Note that if a request includes amisspelled address component, the geocoding service may suggest an alternativeaddress. Suggestions triggered in this way will also be marked as a partialmatch.
Note that in the previous example we showed the first result by selecting results[0]. The reverse geocoder often returns more than one result. Geocoded addresses are not just postal addresses, but any way to geographically name a location. For example, when geocoding a point in the city of Chicago, the geocoded point may be labeled as a street address, as the city (Chicago), as its state (Illinois) or as a country (The United States). All are addresses to the geocoder. The reverse geocoder returns all of these results.
Addresses are returned in the order of best to least matches. Generally, the more exact address is the most prominent result, as it is in this case. Note that we return different types of addresses, from the most specific street address to less specific political entities such as neighborhoods, cities, counties, states, etc. If you wish to match a more general address, you may wish to inspect the results[].types field.
Despite the geographic derivation of most ZIP Codes, the codes themselves do not represent geographic regions; in general, they correspond to address groups or delivery routes. As a consequence, ZIP Code "areas" can overlap, be subsets of each other, or be artificial constructs with no geographic area (such as 095 for mail to the Navy, which is not geographically fixed). In similar fashion, in areas without regular postal routes (rural route areas) or no mail delivery (undeveloped areas), ZIP Codes are not assigned or are based on sparse delivery routes, and hence the boundary between ZIP Code areas is undefined. For example, some residents in or near Haubstadt, Indiana, which has the ZIP Code 47639, have mailing addresses with 47648, the ZIP Code for neighboring Fort Branch, Indiana, while others living in or near Fort Branch have addresses with 47639. Many rural counties have similar logistical inconsistencies caused by the aforementioned sparse delivery routes, often known as Rural Routes or by some other similar designation.
Not all USPS deliverable addresses have a ZIP+4 Code assigned to them. For those postal addresses,geocoding lookups or addressvalidation that require aZIP+4 may not succeed. Even though the USPS might not provide accurate geocodes for those addresses,Smarty can still provideroof-top level geocodes for most addresses in the US.
The residents of Halfmoon, New York, one of the fastest-growing towns in Saratoga County, have for many years identified themselves as Halfmoon residents but been forced to list neighboring municipalities, such as Clifton Park, when writing out their addresses, since Halfmoon does not have its own unique ZIP code. In addition to causing confusion when addressing mail and establishing new businesses, this inconsistency has also resulted in emergency services dispatched to the wrong address (Clifton Park and Halfmoon have some similar street names). 2ff7e9595c
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